AWS Global Infrastructure

 AWS Global Infrastructure

Why make a global applications?

  • A global application is an application deployed in multiple geographies.
  • On AWS: this could be Regions and / or Edge Locations
  • Decreased Latency
    • Latency is the time it takes for a network packet to reach a server
    • It takes time for a packet from Asia to reach the US
    • Deploy your applications closer to your users to decrease latency, better experience
  • Disaster Recovery (DR)
    • If as AWS region goes down (earthquake, storms, power shutdown, politics)...
    • You can fall-over to another region and have your application still working
    • A DR plan is important to increase the availability of your application
  • Attack protection: ditribution global infrastructure is harder to attack

Global Applications in AWS

  • Global DNS: Route 53
    • Great to route users to the closest deployment with least latency
    • Great for disaster recovery strategies
  • Global Content Delivery Network (CDN) : CloudFront
    • Replicate part of your application to AWS Edge Locations - decrease latency
    • Cache common requests - improved user experience and decreased latency
  • S3 Transfer Acceleration
    • Acceleration global uploads & downloads into Amazon S3
  • AWS Global Accelerator:
    • Improve global application availability and performance using the AWS global network

Amazon Route 53 Overview

  • Route 53 is a Manged DNS (Domain Name System)
  • DNS is a collection of rules and records which helps clients understand how to reach a server through URLs.
  • In AWS, the most common records are:
    • www.google.com => 12.34.56.78 == A record (IPv4)
    • www.google.com => 200 l:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 == AAAA IPv6
    • search.google.com => www.google.com => CNAME: hostname to hostname
    • example.com => AWS resource == Alias (ex: ELB, CloudFront, S3 RDS, etc...)


Route 53 Routing Policies

There are four Policies rules.
  • Simple Routing Policy
  • Weighted Routing Policy
  • Latency Routing Policy
  • Failover Routing Policy


AWS CloudFront

  • Content Delivery Network (CDN)
  • Improves read performance, content is cached at the edge
  • Improves users experience
  • Hundreds of Points of Presence globally (edge locations, caches)
  • DDoS protection (become worldwide), integration with Shield, AWS Web Application Firewall.

CloudFront - Origins

  • S3 Bucket
    • For distributing files and caching them at the edge
    • For uploading files to S3 through CloudFront
    • Secured using Origin Access Control (OAC)
  • VPC Origin
    • For applications hosted in VPC private subnets
    • Private Application Load Balancer / Nerwork Load Balancer / EC2 Instance
  • Custom Origin (HTTP)
    • S3 website ( must first enable the bucket as a static S3 website)
    • Any public HTTP backend you want (Example: Public ALB)


CloudFront vs S3 Cross Region Replication

  • CloudFront:
    • Global Edge network
    • Files are cached for a TTL (maybe a day)
    • Great for static content that must be available everywhere

  • S3 Cross Region Replication:
    • Must be setup for each region you want replication to happen
    • Files are updated in near real-time
    • Read only
    • Great for dynamic content that needs to be available at low-latency in few regions

S3 Transfer Acceleration

Increase transfer speed by transferring file to an AWS edge location which will forward the data to S3 bucket in the target region.

AWS Global Accelerator

  • Improve global application availability and performace using the AWS global network
  • Leverage the AWS internal network to optimize the route to your application ( 60% improvement)
  • 2 Anycast IP are created for your application and traffic is sent through Edge Location
  • The Edge locations send the traffic to your application


AWS Global Accelerator vs CloudFront

  • They both use the AWS global network and its edge locations aroung the world
  • Both services integrate with AWS Shield for DDoS protection
  • CloudFront - Content Delivery Network
    • Improves performance for your cacheable content ( such as images and videos )
    • Content is served at the edge
  • Global Accelerator 
    • No caching, proxying packets at the edge to applications running in one or more AWS Regions
    • Improves performance for a wide range of applications over TCP or UDP
    • Good for HTTP use cases that require static IP addresses
    • Good for HTTP use cases that required deterministic, fast regional failover

AWS Outposts

  • Hybrid Cloud: businesses that keep an on-premises infrastructure alongside a cloud infrastructure
  • Therefore, two ways of dealing with IT systems:
    • One for the AWS cloud ( using the AWS console, CLI and AWS APIs)
    • One for their on-premises infrastructure
  • AWS Outposts are "server racks" that offers the same AWS infrastructure, services, APIs & tools to build your own applications on-premises just as in the cloud
  • AWS will setup and manage "Outposts Racks" within your on-premises infrastructure and you can start leveraging AWS services on-premises
  • You are responsible for the Outposts Rack physical security

Benefits:

  • Low-latency access to on-premises systems
  • Local data processing
  • Data residency
  • Easier migration from on-premises to the cloud
  • Fully managed service

Some services that work on Outposts:

  • EC2
  • EBS
  • S3
  • EKS
  • ECS
  • RDS
  • EMR

AWS Wavelength

  • Wavelength Zones are infrastructure deployments embedded within the telecommunications provider's datacenters at the edge of the 5G networks
  • Brings AWS services to the edge of the 5G networks
  • Example: EC2, EBS, VPC...
  • Ultra-low latency applications through 5G networks
  • Traffic doesn't leave the Communication Service Provider's (CSP) network
  • High-bandwidth and secure connection to the parent AWS Region
  • No additional charges or service agreements
  • Use cases: Smart Cities, ML-assisted diagnostics, Connected Vehicles, Interactive Live Video Streams, AR/VR, Real-time Gaming, ....

AWS Local Zones

  • Places AWS compute, storage, database and other selected AWS services closer to end users to run latency-sensitive applications
  • Extend your VPC to more locations - "Extension of an AWS Region"
  • Compatible with EC2, RDS, ECS, EBS, ElastiCache, Direct Connect ...
  • Example:
    • AWS Region: N.Virginia (us-east-1)
    • AWS Local Zones: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Miami, ....

Global Applications Architecture




Global Applications in AWS - Summary

  • Global DNS: Route 53
    • Great to route users to the closest deployment with least latency
    • Great for disaster recovery strategies
  • Global Content Delivery Network (CDN): CloudFront
    • Replicate part of your application to AWS Edge Locations - decrease latency
    • Cache common requests - improved user experienc and decreased latency
  • S3 Transfer Acceleration
    • Acceleration global uploads & downloads into Amazon S3
  • AWS Global Accelerator
    • Improve global application availability and performance using the AWS global network
  • AWS Outposts
    • Deploy Outposts Racks in your own Data Centers to extend AWS Services
  • AWS Wavelength
    • Brings AWS services to the edge of the 5G networks
    • Ultra-low latency applications
  • AWS Local Zones
    • Bring AWS resources (compute, database, storage, ...) closer to your users
    • Good for latency-sensitive applicatons

 

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